See rowen on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rewayn"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rewayn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "rewain"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman rewain",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro-nor",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Northern French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "regain",
"t": "an increase"
},
"expansion": "Old French regain (“an increase”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "re-",
"3": "gaigner",
"nocap": "1",
"t2": "to till, win"
},
"expansion": "re- + gaigner (“to till, win”)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rewayn, from Anglo-Norman rewain, from an Old Northern French variant of Old French regain (“an increase”), from re- + gaigner (“to till, win”).\nThe alternative forms represent replacement of unanalysable final /ən/ with the more tractable suffixes -et, -ing; roughing presumably relies on a lost pronunciation of rough as /ˈɹaʊ/.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rowens",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "roughings",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rowet",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rowett",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rowings",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rowen (plural rowens)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "stover"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "foremath"
},
{
"word": "beforemath"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 21 11 7 7 3 3 3 3 24 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 24 11 7 6 2 2 2 2 27 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A second crop of hay (within a growing season)."
],
"id": "en-rowen-en-noun-qkfBknQe",
"links": [
[
"hay",
"hay"
],
[
"growing season",
"growing season"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) A second crop of hay (within a growing season)."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aftermath"
},
{
"word": "lattermath"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 45 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French terms prefixed with re-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 21 11 7 7 3 3 3 3 24 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 24 11 7 6 2 2 2 2 27 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Middle English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
168,
174
]
],
"ref": "1707, J[ohn] Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. […], London: […] J[ohn] H[umphreys] for H[enry] Mortlock […], and J[onathan] Robinson […], →OCLC:",
"text": "For the wintering of cattle, about September you must turn them out that you design to keep up for a winter or a spring market, and your cows, that give milk into your rowens, till snow or a hard frost comes, and they will need no fodder.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A stubble field left unploughed until late in the autumn, so that it can be cropped by cattle."
],
"id": "en-rowen-en-noun-SRpILK4m",
"links": [
[
"stubble",
"stubble"
],
[
"field",
"field"
],
[
"autumn",
"autumn"
],
[
"crop",
"crop"
],
[
"cattle",
"cattle"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "otava",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "отава"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "äpäre"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guaime"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "rewayn"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "buzağılık",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "بوزاغیلق"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹaʊən/"
}
],
"word": "rowen"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rowens",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "roughings",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rowet",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rowett",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rowings",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "rowen (countable and uncountable, plural rowens)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "an elongate bundle of fiber",
"word": "roving"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 21 11 7 7 3 3 3 3 24 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 24 11 7 6 2 2 2 2 27 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Dated form of roving (“an elongate bundle of fiber”)."
],
"id": "en-rowen-en-noun-ksjMGgpa",
"links": [
[
"roving",
"roving#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland) Dated form of roving (“an elongate bundle of fiber”)."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"alt-of",
"countable",
"dated",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹaʊən/"
}
],
"word": "rowen"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "row"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "row"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rōwan"
},
"expansion": "Old English rōwan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English rōwan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "7 or weak in -ede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rew",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rew",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rowede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rewen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "roweden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rowede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "roweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rowynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rouwen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rowyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "reowen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "rowen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "row",
"2": "rew",
"c": "7",
"w": "ede",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "rother"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 21 12 13 16 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To row; paddle (use oars to power a seaborne vehicle)"
],
"id": "en-rowen-enm-verb-enm:to_row",
"links": [
[
"row",
"row"
],
[
"paddle",
"paddle"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:to row"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 21 12 13 16 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To move by rowing or paddling (to move by using oars to power a seaborne vehicle)"
],
"id": "en-rowen-enm-verb-JtWhUs-D",
"links": [
[
"rowing",
"rowing"
],
[
"paddling",
"paddling"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 21 12 13 16 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To move in the water; to paddle or splash."
],
"id": "en-rowen-enm-verb-nrYMrOeQ"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 21 12 13 16 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 18 0 55 0 13",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "enm:Nautical",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To go, travel, journey or voyage"
],
"id": "en-rowen-enm-verb-qbJFPj0R"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɔu̯ən/"
}
],
"word": "rowen"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rewe",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "row",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "row"
},
"expansion": "rewe (“row”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From rewe (“row”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rowede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "roweden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rowede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "roweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rowynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yrowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rewen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rewe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "rowen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "row"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 21 12 13 16 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To shine; to emit light."
],
"id": "en-rowen-enm-verb-enm:to_shine",
"senseid": [
"enm:to shine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɔu̯ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɛu̯ən/"
}
],
"word": "rowen"
}
{
"etymology_number": "3",
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"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"var": "1"
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"expansion": "rowen",
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],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to regret",
"word": "rewen"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Early Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Worcestershire Middle English",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "21 21 12 13 16 17",
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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"alternative form of rewen (“to regret”)"
],
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"links": [
[
"rewen",
"rewen#Middle_English"
]
],
"qualifier": "Worcestershire",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Middle English, Worcestershire) alternative form of rewen (“to regret”)"
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "rowen"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "rōwen",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "rōwen"
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"expansion": "rōwen",
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],
"lang": "Old English",
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 17 15 5 5 3 3 5 4 31 2",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 21 11 7 7 3 3 3 3 24 3",
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"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 24 11 7 6 2 2 2 2 27 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rōwan"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural present subjunctive of rōwan"
],
"id": "en-rowen-ang-verb-3xHlCz9j",
"links": [
[
"rōwan",
"rowan#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈroː.wen/"
}
],
"word": "rowen"
}
{
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{
"form": "rōwen",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
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{
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"1": "ang",
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"head": "rōwen"
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],
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{
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{
"word": "rōwan"
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],
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],
"id": "en-rowen-ang-verb-rbDDKPeS",
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[
"rōwan",
"rowan#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈroː.wen/"
}
],
"word": "rowen"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Old Northern French",
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"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
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"Old English past participles",
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"Old English verb forms",
"Old French terms prefixed with re-",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Translation table header lacks gloss"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rewayn"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rewayn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "rewain"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman rewain",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Northern French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "regain",
"t": "an increase"
},
"expansion": "Old French regain (“an increase”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "re-",
"3": "gaigner",
"nocap": "1",
"t2": "to till, win"
},
"expansion": "re- + gaigner (“to till, win”)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rewayn, from Anglo-Norman rewain, from an Old Northern French variant of Old French regain (“an increase”), from re- + gaigner (“to till, win”).\nThe alternative forms represent replacement of unanalysable final /ən/ with the more tractable suffixes -et, -ing; roughing presumably relies on a lost pronunciation of rough as /ˈɹaʊ/.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rowens",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "roughings",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rowet",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rowett",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rowings",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rowen (plural rowens)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
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"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "stover"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "foremath"
},
{
"word": "beforemath"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A second crop of hay (within a growing season)."
],
"links": [
[
"hay",
"hay"
],
[
"growing season",
"growing season"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) A second crop of hay (within a growing season)."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aftermath"
},
{
"word": "lattermath"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
168,
174
]
],
"ref": "1707, J[ohn] Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. […], London: […] J[ohn] H[umphreys] for H[enry] Mortlock […], and J[onathan] Robinson […], →OCLC:",
"text": "For the wintering of cattle, about September you must turn them out that you design to keep up for a winter or a spring market, and your cows, that give milk into your rowens, till snow or a hard frost comes, and they will need no fodder.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A stubble field left unploughed until late in the autumn, so that it can be cropped by cattle."
],
"links": [
[
"stubble",
"stubble"
],
[
"field",
"field"
],
[
"autumn",
"autumn"
],
[
"crop",
"crop"
],
[
"cattle",
"cattle"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹaʊən/"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "otava",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "отава"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "äpäre"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guaime"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "rewayn"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "buzağılık",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "بوزاغیلق"
}
],
"word": "rowen"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English non-lemma forms",
"Old English past participles",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rowens",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "roughings",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rowet",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rowett",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rowings",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "rowen (countable and uncountable, plural rowens)",
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}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "an elongate bundle of fiber",
"word": "roving"
}
],
"categories": [
"English dated forms",
"Scottish English"
],
"glosses": [
"Dated form of roving (“an elongate bundle of fiber”)."
],
"links": [
[
"roving",
"roving#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland) Dated form of roving (“an elongate bundle of fiber”)."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"alt-of",
"countable",
"dated",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹaʊən/"
}
],
"word": "rowen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English class 7 strong verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
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"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
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"Old English past participles",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Nautical"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
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"word": "row"
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{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "row"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
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"inh": "2"
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"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rōwan"
},
"expansion": "Old English rōwan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English rōwan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
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"inflection-template"
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},
{
"form": "7 or weak in -ede",
"source": "conjugation",
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"class"
]
},
{
"form": "rowen",
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"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rew",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rew",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rowede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rewen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rewe",
"source": "conjugation",
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"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "roweden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rowede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "roweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
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"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rowynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rouwen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rowyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "reowen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "rowen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "row",
"2": "rew",
"c": "7",
"w": "ede",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "rother"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To row; paddle (use oars to power a seaborne vehicle)"
],
"links": [
[
"row",
"row"
],
[
"paddle",
"paddle"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:to row"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To move by rowing or paddling (to move by using oars to power a seaborne vehicle)"
],
"links": [
[
"rowing",
"rowing"
],
[
"paddling",
"paddling"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To move in the water; to paddle or splash."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To go, travel, journey or voyage"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɔu̯ən/"
}
],
"word": "rowen"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English variant lemmas",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English non-lemma forms",
"Old English past participles",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Nautical"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "rewe",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "row",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "row"
},
"expansion": "rewe (“row”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From rewe (“row”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rowede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "roweden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rowede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "roweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rowynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yrowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rowe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rewen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rewe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "rowen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "row"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To shine; to emit light."
],
"senseid": [
"enm:to shine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɔu̯ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɛu̯ən/"
}
],
"word": "rowen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English variant lemmas",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English non-lemma forms",
"Old English past participles",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Nautical"
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "rowen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to regret",
"word": "rewen"
}
],
"categories": [
"Early Middle English",
"Worcestershire Middle English"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of rewen (“to regret”)"
],
"links": [
[
"rewen",
"rewen#Middle_English"
]
],
"qualifier": "Worcestershire",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Middle English, Worcestershire) alternative form of rewen (“to regret”)"
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "rowen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English non-lemma forms",
"Old English past participles",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "rōwen",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "rōwen"
},
"expansion": "rōwen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rōwan"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural present subjunctive of rōwan"
],
"links": [
[
"rōwan",
"rowan#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈroː.wen/"
}
],
"word": "rowen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English non-lemma forms",
"Old English past participles",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "rōwen",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "past participle",
"head": "rōwen"
},
"expansion": "rōwen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rōwan"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past participle of rōwan"
],
"links": [
[
"rōwan",
"rowan#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈroː.wen/"
}
],
"word": "rowen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rowen meaning in All languages combined (16.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.